The refrain “my heart is beating, keeps on repeating” means you’re in luck. The essence of life lies in being happy and healthy with that ticker ticking steadily through time. However, like all things, whether human or mechanical, even the heart can face numerous problems. Minor issues are usually treatable, but some are far more serious, like heart attacks and heart failure.
The difference between heart failure and a heart attack is often misunderstood; being aware of their differences can help react swiftly and appropriately in a crisis. Early detection and awareness of heart history, symptoms and risk factors can truly be life-saving.
Let’s explore genetic and lifestyle causes of heart ailments, key differences between heart attacks and heart failure, treatment options and post-care essentials. It is better to be prepared than to be taken by surprise.
Difference Between Heart Attack and Heart Failure
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Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction): A heart attack occurs when blood flow to the heart is suddenly blocked—often by a clot—causing damage to the heart muscle.
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Heart Failure: This is a long-term condition where the heart gradually weakens and can no longer pump blood effectively to meet the body’s needs. It can develop after a heart attack or due to other chronic heart issues.
Causes:
Causes of a Heart Attack:
A heart attack can occur if a piece of plaque breaks off into the bloodstream. It then forms a blood clot, which stops the flow of blood and causes an attack. Sometimes, a spasm in a coronary artery can trigger a heart attack
Causes of Heart Failure:
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Heart valve disease or congenital heart defects
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Infections like HIV/AIDS
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Irregular heartbeat or problems with the heart muscle (cardiomyopathy)
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Chemotherapy
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Thyroid disease
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Alcohol overuse or drug use disorder
Recognising the Symptoms:
Heart Attack Signs:
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Chest pain or pressure (can feel like squeezing or heartburn)
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Pain radiating to arms, back, neck, jaw, or stomach
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Shortness of breath
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Nausea or vomiting
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Cold sweats and lightheadedness
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Fatigue
Heart Failure Signs:
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Shortness of breath (especially when lying down)
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Wheezing or coughing
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Fast or irregular heartbeat
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Tiredness
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Swelling around your ankles, legs, or stomach and weight gain from retaining fluid
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Confusion
How to Diagnose Heart Attacks and Heart Failures:
Tests used to detect heart attacks and heart failure:
Blood tests can tell a lot about your heart. They check stuff like cholesterol levels, triglycerides, and blood sugar, which can be signs of heart disease. Some common ones include:
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Cardiac Troponin Test: Detects heart muscle damage
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Lipid Profile: Measures cholesterol and triglycerides
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Thyroid Function Tests: To rule out hormonal causes
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B-type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP): High levels may indicate heart failure
Radiology Tests:
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Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)
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Exercise Stress Test
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Echocardiogram (Ultrasound)
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Transoesophageal Echocardiography (TEE)
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Nuclear Cardiac Stress Test (Myocardial Perfusion Imaging - MPI)
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Coronary Angiogram (Cardiac Catheterisation)
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
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Coronary Computed Tomography Angiogram (CCTA)
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Coronary Artery Calcium (CAC) Test
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Holter Monitor
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Chest X-ray
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Nuclear Imaging Tests
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MUGA Scan
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SPECT Scan
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14. Tilt-Table Test
The above tests are commonly used to evaluate both heart attacks and heart failure. Based on the results, a cardiologist, in consultation with a radiologist, can determine the exact condition—whether it is a heart attack or heart failure.
A heart attack can indeed lead to heart failure. A heart attack damages the heart muscle and weakens the heart's ability to pump blood efficiently. If this damage is left untreated, it may eventually result in heart failure.
Emergency Treatments for Heart Attack/Heart Failure
What to do in case of a Heart Attack or Heart Failure
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Call emergency services immediately. Do not delay.
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Take aspirin, if advised, as it helps in preventing further clotting.
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Take nitroglycerine, if prescribed, while awaiting help.
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Start CPR if the person is unresponsive or has no pulse. Push hard and fast on the chest at a rate of about 100–120 compressions per minute.
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Use an AED (Automated External Defibrillator) if available. Follow the voice prompts to deliver a shock if needed.
Long-term management for heart failure
Managing heart failure is a lifelong commitment. It involves major lifestyle changes, a medication schedule, regular monitoring, and medical care
Medications:
Common medication prescribed:
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ACE inhibitors/ARBs/ARNIs: Help relax blood vessels and reduce the heart's workload
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Beta-blockers: Improve heart function and control rhythm
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Diuretics: Help reduce fluid buildup, like swelling, breathlessness
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Aldosterone antagonists: Further reduce strain and fluid retention
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SGLT2 inhibitors: Originally for diabetes, now proven effective for heart failure too.
Lifestyle Modifications are as important as medication
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Low-sodium diet and fluid restriction to prevent overload
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Daily weight checks: Sudden weight gain may indicate fluid buildup.
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Regular exercise: Supervised exercise helps improve stamina and heart function.
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Avoid alcohol, tobacco and recreational drugs
Monitoring and Follow-up:
It is imperative to get:
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Regular check-ups with a cardiologist or at a heart failure clinic.
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Echocardiograms and blood tests to monitor heart function and medication effects.
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Remote monitoring devices or apps may be used to track symptoms and vitals.
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Device Therapy, like Pacemakers or ICDs, for rhythm regulation or preventing sudden cardiac arrest.
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Cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) for advanced heart failure.
Psychological Support:
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Mental health care for the management of depression and anxiety
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Support groups help cope and shared experience
Advanced Therapies if Condition Worsens:
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LVAD (Left Ventricular Assist Device)
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Heart transplant
Early Action Saves Lives:
Lifestyle and health management from an early age are crucial for a ticking heart. Nutrition and regular exercise should be the main core of your daily life. Consistency in healthy habits and early symptom recognition are crucial in preventing hospitalisations and improving quality of life.
The old saying “a little knowledge is dangerous” doesn’t quite apply anymore. Even a little knowledge can save a life. If you notice any signs of distress, book an appointment with the best Cardiology hospital in Hyderabad at STAR Hospitals. The department offers a range of medical services, especially emergencies like heart attack and heart failure. The well-equipped emergency department is managed by round-the-clock professionals with a patient-first approach. To manage both routine and complex health conditions efficiently and with a hassle-free hospital experience, book an appointment with STAR Hospitals today.
