Treatments & Procedures

ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation allows patients to receive a kidney from a living donor despite blood group incompatibility, using advanced treatments to reduce the risk of rejection.

Adult congenital heart defect care focuses on diagnosing, monitoring, and treating heart conditions present from birth that continue into adulthood.

Aortic balloon valvulotomy is performed to treat aortic valve stenosis, particularly in children and young patients.

Aortic disease treatment focuses on managing aneurysms, dissections, and other serious conditions involving the aorta.

Aortic root replacement is recommended for aneurysms or serious disease affecting the section of the aorta attached to the heart.

Balloon atrial septostomy is commonly performed in critically ill newborns with complex congenital heart defects to improve oxygen levels before definitive surgery.

A cadaveric donor kidney transplant helps restore kidney function in patients with end-stage kidney disease using a donated kidney from a deceased donor.

Coarctation of aorta stenting is performed to treat narrowing of the body's main artery, helping reduce strain on the heart and improve circulation.

Complex coronary interventions are specialised procedures performed for severe or difficult coronary artery blockages that may not respond to standard angioplasty techniques.

CRRT slowly and continuously removes waste, toxins, and excess fluids from the blood in intensive care settings.

CABG is recommended for severe coronary artery disease when blocked arteries reduce blood supply to the heart muscle.

Coronary artery disease treatment helps restore healthy blood flow to the heart and reduce the risk of heart attacks.

Desensitisation therapy is performed before transplant surgery to lower harmful antibodies in the recipient's body, allowing successful transplantation in high-risk or incompatible donor cases.

Electrophysiology procedures help identify and treat irregular heartbeats using specialised minimally invasive techniques.

Haemodialysis is a life-supporting treatment that uses dialysis machines to clean blood and maintain fluid and electrolyte balance in severe kidney disease.

Heart failure therapy helps manage symptoms and improve circulation when the heart cannot pump blood efficiently.

Hypertension management combines lifestyle modifications, monitoring, and medication to maintain healthy blood pressure and protect long-term health.

Image-guided biopsy uses ultrasound, CT, or other imaging to obtain tissue samples with improved accuracy and reduced complications.

A living donor kidney transplant is performed to replace a failed kidney with a healthy donor kidney, helping restore normal kidney function and improve quality of life.

Cardiac tumour management focuses on diagnosing and removing tumours that may interfere with heart function or blood flow.

CKD management uses early diagnosis, lifestyle changes, and medical treatment to help preserve kidney function and reduce complications.

Treatment for urinary stones diagnoses and treats stones in the urinary tract to prevent complications like infection, blockage, and kidney damage.

UTI management focuses on diagnosing and treating urinary tract infections early to relieve symptoms, prevent complications, and protect kidney health.

Mitral valve surgery is performed when the valve becomes narrowed or leaky, affecting the heart's pumping efficiency.

Paediatric ECMO is used when the heart or lungs cannot function adequately despite intensive medical treatment.

PDA stenting keeps the patent ductus arteriosus open to improve oxygen delivery in babies with complex congenital heart conditions.

Percutaneous renal biopsy diagnoses kidney diseases, assesses damage, and guides treatment by obtaining tissue through the skin under imaging.

Pericardial disease treatment helps manage inflammation, fluid build-up, or thickening of the sac surrounding the heart.

Plasmapheresis treats autoimmune diseases, kidney disorders, neurological conditions, and transplant complications through plasma filtration and replacement.

Pulmonary artery stenting is performed to treat narrowing in the arteries supplying blood to the lungs, commonly associated with congenital heart disease.

Pulmonary balloon valvulotomy improves blood flow from the heart to the lungs by widening the narrowed pulmonary valve.

A renal biopsy helps diagnose kidney diseases, evaluate kidney function, and guide treatment decisions by examining kidney tissue under a microscope.

Redo cardiac surgery may be needed when previous heart operations fail, valves deteriorate, or new heart conditions develop.

Supportive care manages symptoms and maintains comfort in severe kidney disease, with or without dialysis support.

Transjugular renal biopsy is used when a standard kidney biopsy may not be safe due to bleeding risks or other medical conditions. The procedure allows doctors to collect kidney tissue through a vein in the neck.

Valve repair or replacement surgery is recommended when heart valves become narrowed, leaky, or damaged, affecting the heart's ability to pump blood effectively.

VSD device closure helps correct abnormal blood flow caused by a ventricular septal defect without the need for open-heart surgery in selected patients.

Fatty liver disease occurs when excess fat accumulates in the liver. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent liver inflammation, scarring, and long-term liver damage.

Alcoholic fatty liver develops when excessive alcohol intake affects the liver's ability to process fats properly. Early treatment and lifestyle changes can help prevent serious liver damage.

MASLD occurs when fat accumulates in the liver due to conditions such as obesity, diabetes, and metabolic dysfunction. Early diagnosis and lifestyle management can help prevent liver inflammation, fibrosis, and cirrhosis.

Liver fibrosis occurs when repeated liver injury leads to the formation of scar tissue, affecting normal liver function. Early treatment can help slow or prevent progression to cirrhosis.

Liver cirrhosis develops gradually due to long-term liver damage. Early diagnosis and treatment can help slow disease progression and reduce complications.

Decompensated cirrhosis occurs when severe liver damage causes complications such as fluid build-up in the abdomen, bleeding from enlarged veins, and changes in brain function. Early specialist care is essential to manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

Ascites occurs when fluid accumulates within the abdominal cavity, often as a complication of liver cirrhosis or severe liver disease. Early treatment can help relieve discomfort and prevent complications.

Variceal bleeding occurs due to increased pressure in the veins surrounding the liver, commonly associated with advanced liver cirrhosis. It requires urgent medical attention.

Hepatic encephalopathy develops when the liver is unable to remove toxins effectively, leading to changes in brain function, behaviour, and consciousness.

Acute liver failure develops rapidly, often within days or weeks, and requires urgent medical attention to prevent severe complications and organ failure.

Chronic liver failure develops over time as progressive liver disease causes permanent damage and scarring, affecting the liver's ability to perform essential body functions.

Viral hepatitis affects the liver and may be acute or chronic depending on the type and severity of infection. Early diagnosis and treatment are important to prevent complications such as cirrhosis and liver failure.

Acute viral hepatitis develops rapidly and may range from mild illness to severe liver inflammation. Early diagnosis and supportive treatment are important to prevent complications.

Chronic hepatitis B and C infections can cause ongoing liver inflammation, leading to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer if left untreated. Early diagnosis and long-term management are essential for protecting liver health.

Autoimmune liver diseases can lead to chronic inflammation, scarring, and impaired liver function if left untreated. Early diagnosis and ongoing management can help control symptoms and reduce complications.

Immune-mediated liver diseases occur when the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the liver or bile ducts. Early diagnosis and long-term management can help control inflammation and reduce the risk of liver damage.

Wilson's disease is a genetic disorder that prevents the body from removing excess copper properly. Early diagnosis and treatment are important to prevent liver damage and neurological complications.

Budd–Chiari syndrome occurs when blood flow from the liver is blocked, leading to liver swelling, increased pressure, and impaired liver function.

Alcoholic hepatitis develops when long-term alcohol misuse damages liver cells, leading to inflammation and impaired liver function. Early treatment can help prevent progression to liver failure.

Drug-induced liver injury occurs when certain medicines or chemicals affect liver function, causing inflammation or liver damage. Early diagnosis is important to prevent severe complications.

Cholestatic liver disease affects the normal flow of bile, causing bile build-up within the liver and resulting in inflammation, itching, and progressive liver injury.

Portal hypertension commonly develops due to advanced liver disease and can lead to serious complications such as variceal bleeding and fluid build-up in the abdomen.

Hepatorenal syndrome occurs in patients with severe liver disease and is associated with reduced kidney function despite no primary kidney disorder.

Liver abscesses require prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent serious infection and complications affecting liver function.

Benign liver lesions and cysts are often detected during imaging studies and may not cause symptoms. Some cases require treatment if they grow or cause discomfort.

Liver tumours can develop within the liver or spread from other parts of the body. Early diagnosis and treatment are important to manage symptoms, preserve liver function, and improve outcomes.

Hepatocellular carcinoma develops from liver cells and is often associated with long-term liver damage. Early detection and specialised treatment can improve outcomes and survival.

Primary liver cancer develops directly within the liver tissue and may progress silently in the early stages. Early diagnosis and timely treatment are essential for better outcomes.

Secondary liver tumours occur when cancer cells from other organs spread to the liver. Treatment focuses on controlling tumour growth, preserving liver function, and improving quality of life.

Pregnancy-related liver diseases can occur due to hormonal changes, pregnancy complications, or pre-existing liver conditions. Early diagnosis and specialised care are important to protect the health of both mother and baby.

Paediatric liver disease care focuses on managing congenital, infectious, metabolic, and chronic liver disorders in children through comprehensive and child-focused treatment approaches.

A liver biopsy helps diagnose liver diseases, assess liver damage, and guide treatment decisions by examining liver tissue under a microscope.

Transjugular liver biopsy is used when a standard liver biopsy may not be safe due to bleeding risks or fluid build-up in the abdomen.

FibroScan helps evaluate liver health without the need for surgery or biopsy by measuring liver stiffness using specialised ultrasound technology.

Therapeutic paracentesis helps relieve abdominal swelling, breathing difficulty, and discomfort caused by fluid accumulation due to advanced liver disease.

Variceal band ligation helps prevent or control bleeding from oesophageal varices, a serious complication of portal hypertension and liver cirrhosis.

ERCP combines endoscopy and imaging to identify and treat bile duct blockages, stones, strictures, and other hepatobiliary conditions.

The TIPSS/TIPS procedure creates a channel within the liver to improve blood flow and reduce complications of portal hypertension such as ascites and variceal bleeding.

RFA is commonly used for selected liver tumours and helps target cancerous tissue while preserving surrounding healthy liver tissue.

Microwave ablation is used to treat liver lesions and selected liver cancers by precisely targeting abnormal tissue while minimising damage to surrounding structures.

Percutaneous liver tumour ablation targets cancerous or abnormal liver tissue using specialised techniques such as heat or microwave energy.

TACE is commonly used for liver cancer patients who are not suitable for surgery, helping control tumour growth and preserve liver function.

Biliary drainage procedures help treat bile duct obstruction caused by stones, tumours, strictures, or liver disease, reducing complications and improving liver function.

Image-guided liver procedures use ultrasound, CT, or MRI guidance to improve precision during liver biopsies, tumour treatments, drainage procedures, and other interventions.

Living donor liver transplantation is performed to replace a diseased liver with a healthy portion of liver from a compatible living donor. Both the donor's and recipient's liver can regenerate over time after surgery.

Cadaveric donor liver transplantation helps restore liver function in patients with end-stage liver disease or liver failure using a donated liver from a deceased donor.

ABO-incompatible liver transplantation allows patients to receive a liver transplant despite blood group incompatibility using advanced desensitisation and immunosuppressive therapies.

Pre-transplant liver evaluation helps assess the severity of liver disease, overall health, donor compatibility, and transplant readiness before surgery.

Post-liver transplant care is essential to ensure successful recovery, maintain healthy liver function, and reduce the risk of complications or rejection.

Immunosuppressive therapy management helps control the body's immune response following transplantation while minimising medication-related complications.

ACLF occurs when patients with existing chronic liver disease develop acute deterioration, resulting in severe liver dysfunction and life-threatening complications.

Intensive care for liver failure patients focuses on stabilising vital organ function, managing complications, and providing advanced supportive treatment in critically ill patients.