A person may require dialysis when the kidneys stop functioning properly and can no longer clean the blood effectively. When kidney function declines severely, harmful waste products and excess fluid begin to build up in the body, which can become life-threatening if untreated.

Common reasons for dialysis include:

• Chronic kidney disease (CKD) or kidney failure
• Severe diabetes affecting kidney function
• High blood pressure damaging the kidneys
• Sudden kidney injury caused by illness, infection, or medications
• Dangerous fluid accumulation in the body
• High levels of toxins or potassium in the blood

Warning Signs of Kidney Disease:

Common symptoms of kidney disease may include:

• Low energy levels or difficulty concentrating
• Trouble sleeping
• Dry and itchy skin
• Frequent urination
• Blood in the urine
• Foamy urine
• Persistent puffiness around the eyes
• Swollen ankles and feet
• Poor appetite
• Muscle cramps and electrolyte imbalance

Dialysis helps maintain the body’s balance and supports life when the kidneys can no longer perform their essential functions effectively.

Types of Dialysis

There are two main types of dialysis used in treatment:

• Haemodialysis
• Peritoneal Dialysis

Each method works differently and may be suitable for different patients depending on their medical condition, lifestyle, and overall health.

What Is Haemodialysis?

The term “haemo” relates to blood. Haemodialysis is a dialysis treatment in which a machine fitted with a special filter cleans the blood. This machine is commonly known as a dialyser or an artificial kidney.

During haemodialysis:

• Blood is removed from the body through a dialysis access point, usually in the arm
• The blood passes through the dialyser
• Waste products and excess fluid are filtered through a membrane
• A special fluid called dialysate helps remove toxins
• The cleaned blood is returned to the body

Each haemodialysis session usually lasts around four hours. Most patients require treatment approximately three times a week.

Although the process may appear time-consuming, it is highly beneficial for individuals with severe kidney dysfunction. Home haemodialysis may also be an option for patients who cannot regularly visit a hospital or dialysis centre.

What Is Peritoneal Dialysis?

The peritoneum is the thin membrane lining the inside of the abdomen and pelvis. Peritoneal dialysis uses this natural lining as a filter to remove waste products from the blood.

Unlike haemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis does not require an external filtering machine.

During peritoneal dialysis:

• A dialysis fluid called dialysate is introduced into the abdomen through a catheter
• The peritoneal membrane acts as a natural filter
• Waste products and excess fluid pass from the blood into the dialysate
• After a fixed “dwelling time”, the fluid containing waste products is drained out and discarded safely

The “dwelling time” refers to the period during which the dialysis fluid remains inside the abdomen to absorb waste and extra fluid. This duration is determined by the treating doctor based on the patient’s condition.

Types of Peritoneal Dialysis:

There are two main types of peritoneal dialysis:

Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD)- This method is performed manually several times during the day without a machine.

Automated Peritoneal Dialysis (APD)- This method uses a machine to perform dialysis automatically, usually while the patient sleeps.

The treating nephrologist or healthcare provider will determine which option is most suitable for the patient.

Haemodialysis vs Peritoneal Dialysis

Both forms of dialysis are effective, but each has advantages and limitations depending on the patient’s condition and lifestyle.

Haemodialysis May Be Suitable For:

• Patients with severely reduced kidney function
• Individuals who prefer hospital-based treatment supervised by healthcare professionals
• Patients unable to manage dialysis independently at home

Peritoneal Dialysis May Be Suitable For:

• Patients who prefer greater independence
• Individuals wanting fewer disruptions to daily activities
• Patients are comfortable with self-care and home-based treatment

Peritoneal dialysis may NOT be ideal for:

• Obese patients
• Individuals with significant abdominal scarring or previous major abdominal surgeries

Factors That Influence the Choice of Dialysis

Several factors help determine which dialysis option is best suited for a patient, including:

• Severity of kidney dysfunction
• Overall health condition
• Ability to perform treatment procedures independently
• Lifestyle and work routine
• Home environment and support system
• Personal preference

Ultimately, the decision regarding the type of dialysis should be made jointly by the patient and the treating doctor after careful medical evaluation.

Final Thoughts

As the saying goes, “forewarned is forearmed.” Understanding kidney disease and available treatment options can help individuals make informed healthcare decisions. Early diagnosis, timely treatment, and regular medical follow-up can prevent complications and improve the quality of life for patients with kidney disease. Staying connected with a trusted multi-speciality hospital or healthcare provider is always advisable.

At the first sign of a health concern, consult the best dialysis facility in Hyderabad, at STAR Hospitals. Our healthcare professionals work relentlessly to help prevent the condition from worsening and make your life with a kidney disease easier and more convenient. 

Stay informed, stay healthy, and prioritise kidney care.